The ICRIER report stressed the need for urgent changes in agricultural practices in Punjab and Haryana. The report is titled "Saving Punjab and Haryana from ecological disaster: Re-aligning agri-food policies". The Green Revolution in the 1970s advanced Punjab and Haryana's agriculture but also caused environmental damage. Rice cultivation led to severe groundwater depletion, soil nutrient depletion and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Punjab's annual groundwater extraction is 28 BCM, which is more than its annual recharge of 19 BCM. Haryana's average groundwater decline over the last two decades was 11.94 metres per year. Urgent and concerted efforts are needed to adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Rice cultivation is highly subsidised, which has a negative impact on the environment. Rice cultivation increases methane and nitrous oxide emissions, which increase greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable agricultural practices require crop diversification, better irrigation practices and adoption of advanced agricultural technologies.
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